@xiangyuecn
换电脑、系统或者放虚拟机里就不行了，portableapps 网站就特别指出了：
https://portableapps.com/apps/internet/google_chrome_portable

Some Settings/Extensions Locked Per PC: Google Chrome locks specific settings to a given PC. Details are included in this post. This behavior is by design by the Chrome team. If you would like this changed, please file a bug with the Chrome team. A suggested workaround is to sign in to Google to restore all settings and extensions and to use an extension such as Session Buddy to maintain your session state as you move PCs. Note that PortableApps.com has not evaluated this extension.

Note that other portable browsers such as Mozilla Firefox, Portable Edition do not have any of the issues mentioned above. These issues are specific to Chrome due to Chrome's design and not something we can work around without fixes to the base app by the Chrome developers.

估计 Chrome 是跟硬件、操作系统做了某些绑定机制，使得 user data 不能在不同环境里兼容。
Firefox 便携版就不会有这种问题。
Opera 虽然使用跟 Chrome 相似的内核，却也不像 Chrome 出现这种问题。可能因为 Opera 官方就提供便携安装方式，从而允许 user data 便携性更完整。