1.运用回想。读完一页书，看向别处并回想主要观点。少做标记，没记住之前不要画重点，要先回忆。在去教室的路上或不同于先前学习空间的室内，试着回忆要点。回忆的能力，即能够得到自己心中的想法，是学好知识的关键标志之一。
2.自我测试。任何内容皆可测试。无论何时皆可测试。抽认卡片是你的良师益友。
3.对问题进行组块。搭建组块的过程就是理解问题、练习解题方法的过程，有了组块才能在脑中瞬间闪现答案。解决一个问题之后，要将其重新排演一遍。确保在许久没接触这道题后，你还能解答出问题的每个步骤。把问题当成一首歌，在心里学着一遍遍地唱，这样让信息合成为一个流畅的组块，任何时候都能任你提取使用。
4.间隔开重复动作。无论学哪门课，不要安排得太集中，要像运动员一样每天安排些练习量。你的大脑就像一块肌肉，它一次只能处理某学科上一定的练习量。
5.在练习中交替使用不同解题技巧。做任何练习的期间不要只用一种解题技巧，否则一段时间过后，你只是在模仿自己之前解题的老路子。解题方法要混合使用在不同的题型上。这么做会让你同时知道如何以及何时用一个解题方法。（书本一般都不会以这样的方式编写，所以你需要靠自己去这么做。）每一门作业和考试之后，要回顾错题，确保理解自己的犯错原因，之后重新解答一遍。想要最高效地学习，就在抽认卡片的一面用手写（别用键盘打字）下问题，再在另一面写下答案。（用手书写比起打字时构建的神经结构更坚实。）如果你想把它上传到智能手机的应用软件里，你也许会把卡片拍下来。你可以用不同的题型随机测试自己。另一个测试自己的方法，是随机翻开书本挑一个问题，看看自己能不能在很久没碰这道题之后还能给出解答。
6.注意休息。有一种常见现象，是学数学或科学时，你会难以解答或理解一些初次遇到的问题或概念。这就是为什么每天学一点，比集中在一天学会好很多。当你对一道数学或科学上的难题灰心丧气时，可以休息一下，这样你大脑的另一部分就能在后台接着工作。
7.使用解释性的提问和简单类比。无论何时遇到难懂概念的困扰，都要自己想一想，怎样解释才能让 10 岁小孩都明白这个概念？使用类比真的有用，比如电流就像水流。不要只想解释，要大声说出来或者写下来。凭着嘴上说手上写的功夫，你能把所学知识编译（将知识转换到神经记忆结构中）到更深的记忆中。
8.专注。关掉手机和电脑上所有会干扰你的提示音和闹铃，并在计时器上设定 25 分钟。你要在 25 分钟之内集中注意力，并尽可能勤奋工作。计时器的时间一到，给自己一个小小的、有趣的奖励。一天中安排几个这样的工作期间，能实实在在地推进你的学习进度。试着规定学习时间和地点，不要瞄电脑和手机，让学习变得自然而然。
9.困难的事情最先做。最清醒的时候，要去做一天中最困难的事情。
10.心理对照。想象过去的你，对比通过学习能够成就的那个自己。在你的工作区域贴一张图或几句话来提醒自己的梦想。如果觉得自己缺乏动力了，就看看它们。对你和你爱的人，这么做一定值得！
你这说是阅读，实际上就是在学习，可以参考一些认知心理学和学习方法相关的研究资料
抛砖引玉：
TEN RULES OF GOOD STUDYING
1. Use recall. After you read a page, look away and recall the main ideas. Highlight very little, and never highlight anything you haven’t put in your mind first by recalling. Try recalling main ideas when you are walking to class or in a different room from where you originally learned it. An ability to recall—to generate the ideas from inside yourself—is one of the key indicators of good learning.
2. Test yourself. On everything. All the time. Flash cards are your friend.
3. Chunk your problems. Chunking is understanding and practicing with a problem solution so that it can all come to mind in a flash. After you solve a problem, rehearse it. Make sure you can solve it cold—every step. Pretend it’s a song and learn to play it over and over again in your mind, so the information combines into one smooth chunk you can pull up whenever you want.
4. Space your repetition. Spread out your learning in any subject a little every day, just like an athlete. Your brain is like a muscle—it can handle only a limited amount of exercise on one subject at a time.
5. Alternate different problem-solving techniques during your practice. Never practice too long at any one session using only one problem-solving technique—after a while, you are just mimicking what you did on the previous problem. Mix it up and work on different types of problems. This teaches you both how and when to use a technique. (Books generally are not set up this way, so you’ll need to do this on your own.) After every assignment and test, go over your errors, make sure you understand why you made them, and then rework your solutions. To study most effectively, handwrite (don’t type) a problem on one side of a flash card and the solution on the other. (Handwriting builds stronger neural structures in memory than typing.) You might also photograph the card if you want to load it into a study app on your smartphone. Quiz yourself randomly on different types of problems. Another way to do this is to randomly flip through your book, pick out a problem, and see whether you can solve it cold.
6. Take breaks. It is common to be unable to solve problems or figure out concepts in math or science the first time you encounter them. This is why a little study every day is much better than a lot of studying all at once. When you get frustrated with a math or science problem, take a break so that another part of your mind can take over and work in the background.
7. Use explanatory questioning and simple analogies. Whenever you are struggling with a concept, think to yourself, How can I explain this so that a ten-year-old could understand it? Using an analogy really helps, like saying that the flow of electricity is like the flow of water. Don’t just think your explanation—say it out loud or put it in writing. The additional effort of speaking and writing allows you to more deeply encode (that is, convert into neural memory structures) what you are learning.
8. Focus. Turn off all interrupting beeps and alarms on your phone and computer, and then turn on a timer for twenty-five minutes. Focus intently for those twenty-five minutes and try to work as diligently as you can. After the timer goes off, give yourself a small, fun reward. A few of these sessions in a day can really move your studies forward. Try to set up times and places where studying—not glancing at your computer or phone—is just something you naturally do.
9. Eat your frogs first. Do the hardest thing earliest in the day, when you are fresh.
10. Make a mental contrast. Imagine where you’ve come from and contrast that with the dream of where your studies will take you. Post a picture or words in your workspace to remind you of your dream. Look at that when you find your motivation lagging. This work will pay off both for you and those you love!
(Oakley, Barbara A., 1955-, A Mind for Numbers: How to Excel At Math and Science. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2014.)
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